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GPU Optimization Guide
CUDA memory management, mixed precision training, distributed training configs, and GPU utilization monitoring.
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gpu-optimization-guide/
├── LICENSE
├── README.md
├── benchmarks/
│ ├── __pycache__/
│ │ └── memory_benchmark.cpython-312.pyc
│ └── memory_benchmark.py
├── configs/
│ ├── ddp_config.yaml
│ ├── deepspeed_config.json
│ └── fsdp_config.yaml
├── free-sample.zip
├── guide/
│ ├── 01-distributed-training.md
│ ├── 02-memory-management.md
│ ├── 03-mixed-precision.md
│ └── 04-profiling.md
├── guides/
│ ├── distributed-training.md
│ ├── memory-management.md
│ ├── mixed-precision.md
│ └── profiling.md
├── index.html
├── requirements.txt
└── src/
├── __init__.py
├── __pycache__/
│ ├── __init__.cpython-312.pyc
│ ├── amp_trainer.cpython-312.pyc
│ ├── gpu_monitor.cpython-312.pyc
│ ├── memory_manager.cpython-312.pyc
│ └── profiler.cpython-312.pyc
├── amp_trainer.py
├── gpu_monitor.py
├── memory_manager.py
└── profiler.py
📖 Documentation Preview README excerpt
GPU Optimization Guide
A practical toolkit for squeezing maximum performance from NVIDIA GPUs during deep learning training. Covers CUDA memory management, mixed-precision training, gradient accumulation, distributed training (DDP/FSDP/DeepSpeed), profiling, OOM debugging, and GPU monitoring.
Features
- Memory Manager — CUDA memory snapshots, fragmentation analysis, leak detection, OOM diagnostics with actionable fix suggestions
- AMP Trainer — Drop-in mixed-precision training loop with gradient accumulation, GradScaler, and gradient checkpointing support
- GPU Monitor — Parse nvidia-smi output into structured Python objects, detect anomalies (idle GPUs, thermal throttling, memory pressure)
- Profiler — stdlib SectionTimer for quick bottleneck detection + PyTorch profiler wrapper for detailed Chrome-trace analysis
- Memory Benchmark — Automated comparison of fp32 vs AMP vs checkpointing across batch sizes
- Distributed Configs — Production-ready DDP, FSDP, and DeepSpeed ZeRO configurations with extensive inline comments
File Structure
gpu-optimization-guide/
├── README.md
├── LICENSE
├── requirements.txt
├── src/
│ ├── __init__.py # Package init
│ ├── memory_manager.py # CUDA memory tracking, OOM diagnostics
│ ├── amp_trainer.py # Mixed-precision training loop
│ ├── gpu_monitor.py # nvidia-smi parser + anomaly detection
│ └── profiler.py # SectionTimer + torch.profiler wrapper
├── configs/
│ ├── ddp_config.yaml # DistributedDataParallel configuration
│ ├── fsdp_config.yaml # FullyShardedDataParallel configuration
│ └── deepspeed_config.json # DeepSpeed ZeRO Stage 2 configuration
├── guides/
│ ├── memory-management.md # OOM debugging flowchart + optimization ladder
│ ├── mixed-precision.md # AMP deep dive with troubleshooting
│ ├── distributed-training.md # DDP vs FSDP vs DeepSpeed decision tree
│ └── profiling.md # Bottleneck identification workflow
└── benchmarks/
└── memory_benchmark.py # Automated memory/speed comparison
Quick Start
pip install -r requirements.txt
# Monitor GPU utilization
python src/gpu_monitor.py
# Run memory benchmark (requires CUDA GPU)
python benchmarks/memory_benchmark.py
Usage
Memory Tracking
from src.memory_manager import memory_tracking, format_bytes
with memory_tracking(label="training_step") as tracker:
loss = model(batch)
*... continues with setup instructions, usage examples, and more.*
📄 Code Sample .py preview
src/amp_trainer.py
"""
amp_trainer — Mixed-precision (AMP) training loop with gradient accumulation.
Automatic Mixed Precision uses float16 for forward/backward passes and
float32 for the optimizer step. This typically:
- Cuts GPU memory usage by 30–50 % (tensors are half the size).
- Speeds up training by 1.5–3× on Ampere+ GPUs (which have TF32 cores).
- Requires NO changes to your model architecture.
The GradScaler handles loss scaling automatically to prevent float16
underflow in gradients.
This module provides a drop-in training function and a configurable
TrainerConfig dataclass.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import logging
import time
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@dataclass
class TrainerConfig:
"""Configuration for the AMP training loop.
Attributes:
use_amp: Enable automatic mixed precision.
gradient_accumulation_steps:
Number of micro-batches to accumulate before an optimizer step.
Effective batch size = batch_size × accumulation_steps.
Set > 1 when the desired batch size doesn't fit in GPU memory.
max_grad_norm: Clip gradients to this L2 norm (0 = no clipping).
use_gradient_checkpointing:
Trade compute for memory: recompute activations during backward
pass instead of storing them. Reduces memory by ~60 % at the
cost of ~30 % slower training.
log_every_n_steps: How often to log training metrics.
amp_dtype: "float16" or "bfloat16". bfloat16 doesn't need
loss scaling but requires Ampere+ hardware.
"""
use_amp: bool = True
gradient_accumulation_steps: int = 1
max_grad_norm: float = 1.0
use_gradient_checkpointing: bool = False
log_every_n_steps: int = 10
# ... 195 more lines ...